@Article{MachadoHaneTrevFont:2012:AnFoRe,
               author = "Machado, Rita Margarete Donato and Haneda, Renata Natsumi and 
                         Trevisan, Bruno Peruchi and Fontes, S{\'e}rgio Rodrigues",
          affiliation = "{} and {} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Effect of enzymatic treatment on the cross-flow microfiltration of 
                         a{\c{c}}a{\'{\i}} pulp: Analysis of the fouling and recovery of 
                         phytochemicals",
              journal = "Journal of Food Engineering",
                 year = "2012",
               volume = "113",
                pages = "442--452",
             keywords = "microfiltration, a{\c{c}}a{\'{\i}} pulp, enzymatic treatment, 
                         polyphenols, antioxidant capacity.",
             abstract = "This study aimed to investigate the effects of pectinase enzyme 
                         treatment of a{\c{c}}a{\'{\i}} pulp on cross-flow 
                         microfiltration (CFMF) performance and on phytochemical and 
                         functional characteristics of their compounds. Analyses of fouling 
                         mechanisms were carried out through resistance in series and 
                         blocking in law models. The enzymatic treatment was conducted 
                         using Ultrazym AFPL (Novozymes A/S) at 500 mg kg1 of 
                         a{\c{c}}a{\'{\i}} pulp for 30 min at 35 C. Before 
                         microfiltrations, untreated and enzyme-treated 
                         a{\c{c}}a{\'{\i}} pulps were previously diluted in distilled 
                         water (1:3; w/v). CFMFs were conducted using commercial a-alumina 
                         (a-Al2O3) ceramic membranes (Andritz AG, Austria) of 0.2 lm and 
                         0.8 lm pore sizes, and 0.0047 m2 of filtration area. The 
                         microfiltration unit was operated in batch mode for 120 min at 25 
                         C and the fluid-dynamic conditions were transmembrane pressure of 
                         DP = 100 kPa and cross-flow velocity of 3 m s1 in turbulent flow. 
                         The highest values of permeate flux and accumulated permeate 
                         volume were obtained using enzymetreated pulp and 0.2 lm pore size 
                         membranes with steady flux values exceeding 100 L h1 m2. For the 
                         0.8 lm pore size membrane, the estimated total resistance after 
                         the microfiltration of enzyme-treated a{\c{c}}a{\'{\i}} pulp 
                         was 21% lower than the untreated pulp, and for the 0.2 lm pore 
                         size membrane, it was 18%. Cake filtration was the dominant 
                         mechanism in the early stages of most of the CFMF processes. After 
                         approximately 20 min, however, intermediate pore blocking and 
                         complete pore blocking contributed to the overall fouling 
                         mechanisms. The reduction of the antioxidant capacity of the 
                         permeates obtained after microfiltration of the enzyme-treated 
                         pulp was higher (p < 0.01) than that obtained using untreated 
                         pulp. For total polyphenols, on the contrary, the permeates 
                         obtained after microfiltration of the enzyme-treated pulp showed a 
                         lower mean reduction (p < 0.01) than those from the untreated 
                         pulp. The results show that the enzymatic treatment had a positive 
                         effect on the CFMF process of a{\c{c}}a{\'{\i}} pulp.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.06.022",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.06.022",
                 issn = "0260-8774",
                label = "lattes: 7753807121855274 4 MachadoFontHaneTrev:2012:AnFoRe",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "30 abr. 2024"
}